Senegal's Diaobe region, a central hub for migration in Western Africa, has the highest level of HIV/AIDS prevalence (2.8% in 2003) in the country. This trans-border region attracts migrants in search of livelihood and better economic conditions. Specifically, the city's public market attracts thousands of individuals from surrounding countries each week. Often living in precarious situations, these migrants contribute to the propagation of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Several studies have identified a direct correlation between population mobility and vulnerability to HIV, especially for women.

There are several key factors that contribute to this crisis, including high levels of prostitution, risky sexual behavior and a lack of knowledge about the disease. Educational programs and health services are greatly lacking in Diaobe and surrounding areas. Social policies and political actions are nonexistent and non-governmental organizations have not found a global approach to solving the problem.